Rahmi Can Yamanoğlu

Collective intellectual property rights are key instruments through which regions govern shared territorial and reputational assets, yet whether they enable or constrain regional innovation remains unresolved. Drawing on a panel of 239 EU wine regions from 1996 to 2024, this study examines how geographical indications and collective trademarks relate to regional innovation, proxied by individual trademark registrations and complemented by a semantic novelty analysis of trademark descriptions. The baseline association between geographical indications and trademark activity is negative, while collective trademarks provide statistically insignificant results. Both associations, however, are institutionally contingent: while formal governance quality restructures the relationship between collective IP and innovation in terms of both quantity and quality, social trust influences only the qualitative character of innovation in trademark descriptions. These findings reframe the policy question from whether CIPRs help or hinder innovation to under what institutional conditions they produce either outcome and through which channel.

Women are a small minority of patent inventors. Female migrant inventors in the United States, however, have a higher female inventor share than native inventors, and their share differs widely across US states. This paper asks which state-level conditions explain where female migrant inventors locate. We use Patent Cooperation Treaty data for the 50 US states over 2000–2011. We estimate Poisson pseudo-maximum-likelihood models on a migrant corridor panel and on a natives placebo panel. Four results stand out. First, chemistry is the technology field associated with a higher female share; the association is statistically significant for native inventors and, for migrants, once China and Korea, where name-based coding is weakest, are excluded. Second, chemistry specialisation and gender-sensitive institutions act as substitutes: gender institutions are associated with a larger female share where the chemistry pull is weak. Third, the migration environment works in the opposite direction and complements chemistry: its interaction with chemistry specialisation is positive but imprecisely estimated. Fourth, none of the interactions appears among native inventors, which indicates that these patterns are specific to migrant women. A strong technological base and an inclusive institutional climate are therefore alternative correlates of a higher female migrant share.